Critique is defined as “ a careful, complete scrutiny of a survey to judge its strengths, failings, logical links, significance and significance ” ( Burns & A ; Grove, 2007, p. 445 ) . So, it is clear that reviewing about an article is measuring and look intoing it from every angle and facet for its significance, failings and strengths. In this paper I will compose a quantitative review on an article by Rehman et Al. titled “ Association between prenatal depression and low birth weight ( LBW ) in a underdeveloped state ” . The survey was carried out in a rural community in Rawalpindi Pakistan. This survey was planned to corroborate the association between maternal depression in 3rd trimester of gestation and LBW of babies, which was found out in a old survey by the same research worker, while analyzing the maternal depression and subsequently growing deceleration in babies.
In this article the job is clearly described. The research workers have stated the job and its prevalence really briefly and clearly. They discussed the prevalence of maternal depression and LBW in developed and developing states. 25 % of south Asiatic female parents under go depressive upset in 3rd trimester of gestation and the degree of LBW in south Asia is 33 % that is four times every bit compared to 7 % in developed states. Research workers have besides mentioned the statistics of developed universe that how maternal depression can take to the infant mortality, morbidity, physical and psychological jobs in ulterior life. They besides mentioned that the country is under researched in developing states. In one of their old survey they found out that maternal depression is associated with LBW, but they could non turn out the association between these two variables independently. The job is researchable ; variables are clearly stated and important to the nursing profession. As we know Nurses are involved in the maternal and child wellness services, in the clinical country and community apparatuss. This survey shows the prevalence and association of maternal depression and LBW and their relationship. It will assist the Nurses to understand the importance of two jobs and to forestall and handle the maternal depression in order to diminish the infant mortality and morbidity. On the footing of this research the job focused schemes could be planned. The background information on the survey is presented in the debut portion of the article. The research workers have magnificently presented the prevalence and statistics of the maternal depression in gestation and LBW from developed states. And he stated that the country is under-researched in developing states. There is huge demand of research in this country to cognize and forestall the effects of this job. As we know without exact cognition of prevalence we ca n’t be after and direct our schemes toward a certain wellness attention job.
The research workers have presented the literature reappraisal suitably and briefly which reflect critical thought and follow logical sequence and the intent of the survey. They have discussed the prevalence of LBW and maternal depression in gestation in developed states. They besides quoted the published surveies which states that the LBW is important cause of ulterior life physical and psychological jobs. They besides presented the prevalence of maternal depression in gestation ( 25 % ) and LBW ( 33 % ) in south Asia. The research workers have discussed a recent survey from India which showed the ego reported maternal morbidity is independently associates with low birth weight. They besides included their ain survey from Pakistan which showed the association between maternal depression in gestation and LBW. They justified the few surveies from developing states by saying that the country is under-researched. In term of the resources to be current, the literature reappraisal seems to be current, organized and straight related to the research job. Eighteen beginnings from the mention list of 30 three are published within five old ages of the survey. Although some of the beginnings are more than five old ages old, but it could be justified by the lacking of research in our country about the particular job. Harmonizing to ( Coughian, Cronin, Ryan, 2007 ) “ The bulk of surveies included should be of recent beginning and ideally less than five old ages old. However, there may be exclusions to this, for illustration, in countries where there is a deficiency of research ” . The bibliographical mentions list is clear and complete. There are a scope of positions about the job which the research workers have investigated and ruled out in their survey, for illustration the association of poorness, anaemia, maternal instruction, maternal age, maternal authorization and household size with LBW. The reappraisal briefly concludes and summarizes the deduction of the survey for the job and identifies the spread in the literature.
The research workers have clearly and briefly stated the intent of the survey, which clearly identify the variables and population studied. They described it on page 481, as “ we aimed to analyze the association between prenatal depression and low birth weight ( LBW ) in babies in a rural community in Rawalpindi, Pakistan ” . Statement clearly identify that the research workers wanted to analyze the association between two variables: prenatal depression and LBW in babies in a rural community in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. In either instance the statement should at least loosely indicate to the reader what is to be studied ( Polit and Beck, 2006 ) . They farther elaborated it under the header of “ Material and methods ” the information will be collected in 10 brotherhood councils of a rural sub-district of Rawalpindi Pakistan. The information will be collected from all adult females age 17-40 old ages in their 3rd trimester of gestation. The hypothesis stated the expected relationship between the two variables prenatal depression and low birth weight in babies clearly which showed the necessity of the survey. Researchers related it to the old researched which place the partial association of the two variables. Conceptual definition of LBW is clearly defined, that is “ weight at birth of equal to or less than 2500 gms ” . The operational definition has been discussed that the weight was measured by the LHWs within 2 yearss of birth by utilizing a portable 25 kilogram spring balance Salter Scale standardized with a 10 kilogram of weight. The standard cut off for LBW was 2500 gms or less. The conceptual definition for the maternal depression is non stated explicitly anyplace in the article, alternatively the footings “ ICD-10 depression used. It could be defined and elaborated more to be specific about the badness. However the operational definition for the depression is discussed clearly “ mental province was assessed in the 3rd gestation trimester utilizing Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry ( SCAN ) , developed by WHO as an internationally validated semi structured interview bring forthing ICD-10 diagnosings of Depressive Disorder.
The research workers have non mentioned survey design used in the survey. However by reading the article it is clearly identified, that Epidemiological Cohort Prospective design has been used in the survey which is most strict possible design for this peculiar survey. The immaterial variables were identified and controlled consequently.
Equally for as survey participants are concerned it is really clearly described on page 482, it consisted of all adult females aged 17-40 old ages in their 3rd trimester of gestation from a rural sub-district of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Approximately full coverage of the survey country was achieved by the LHWs and TBAs through door to door studies. The sample is near to the needed sample size, but still little for the whole context of rural Pakistan. The inclusion and exclusion standards are good defined and designed suitably to undertake with the external confounders. But the sample is non chance which limited the generalizability of the survey and failed to minimise the sample prejudice. “ In order to choose a sample that is likely to be representative and therefore place findings that are likely generalizable to the mark population a chance sample should be used ( Parahoo, 2006 ) . Alternatively a bunch or stratified sample could be used to better the representativeness and generalizability of the survey to whole rural communities of Pakistan. However it is a positive point that research worker has mentioned in the article the restriction of generalizability of the survey. On other manus the method of taking sample is clearly described. The sample method is convenience and the survey population was clearly identified that is pregnant adult females ages between 17 to 40 old ages, trying frame is obtained from local LHWs, and the sampling program was implemented decently.
The instruments used in this survey are clearly described on page 482 and 483, which explicitly reflect the intent of usage, cogency and dependability. But the strengths and failings for any of the instruments are non described. For case for the appraisal of prenatal depression used Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry ( SCAN ) developed by WHO as internationally validated interview bring forthing ICD-10 diagnosings of depressive upset. Dependability for this instrument discussed but no principle was given, why this 1. Furthermore for the measuring of infant weight they used portable spring balance Salter Scale. This seems to be dependable, appropriate for the community scene and was standardized with 10 kilograms weight. Furthermore the LHWs were carefully trained in its usage, which reflects the wonder of the research worker in the truth of happening. But once more the principle for utilizing this specific instrument is losing in the paper. The socio-economical position was assessed by the World Bank Assets questionnaire for Pakistan. But the writer failed to advert whether the questionnaire was translated to local linguistic communication or non. The families were besides assessed for whether they have adequate money to purchase nutrient and basic family demands on five point Likert graduated table from 1 ( richest to 5 ( poorest ) . Data was besides collected for other variables like, BMI, maternal age, household size, no of kids, and fiscal authorization of female parent in families which reflects that research worker was taking attention of external confounders carefully and the information collected is of high cogency and dependability.
Data collection process was ethical and appropriate to the survey. All the stairss in informations aggregation process were clearly and briefly described. After specifying the survey population, the official list of the topics were obtained and LHWs were trained in the designation of instances. Identified instances were assessed by the trained clinicians after obtaining written consents. Weight was measured by LHWs within two yearss of birth. Immense figure of instances were excluded from the survey those were non fulfilling the inclusion standards. Human rights were taken attention by taking written and explained consent. And survey was approved by the local and foreigner ethical reappraisal commissions. The provided information, premises, strengths, restrictions are clearly stated, which are adequate for the reproduction of the survey to other countries of the state.
The statistical analysis processs are appropriate to the informations collected. First the informations were analyzed for depression by utilizing qui-square and Mann-Whitney U-test. Than the average differences of birth weight were analyzed. Multiple logistic arrested developments were used for coincident control of immaterial variables. All these trials and analysis, like, chi square, Mann Whitney U, multiple arrested development, uneven ration, Univariate and multivariate analysis were right applied to the informations to analyse the informations harmonizing to the variables, distributions and to undertake the external confounders suitably. The three tabular arraies given on page no 484 are really precise and relevant to the determination of the survey. First tabular array shows the comparing of down and non down groups on family assets, socioeconomic position and obstetric attention received. The p-value in tabular array shows ( no significance P & gt ; 0.05 for all variables ) that means maternal depression is non associated with these variables. In 2nd tabular arraies research workers showed the unadjusted comparative hazard of LBW with prenatal depression and other hazard factors. In this class the P value is 0.01 for Antenatal depression which shows an association between maternal depression and LBW. Third tabular array shows the multiple logistic arrested developments for few selected variables. P value is once more important for prenatal depression.
In the treatment subdivision the reading of the consequences are discussed in a logical flow. The hypothesis was supported by the findings and the readings are consistent with the informations. The significance, strengths and restriction of the survey has been discussed clearly. Small and non chance sample has affected the generalizability of the survey. The research workers have stated clearly the generalizability issue on the first page of the article. Decision of the whole survey has been given in a logical manner. The clinical deduction and recommendation of the survey has been discussed which are realistic and executable. As discussed “ diagnosings and intervention of depression during gestation could non merely cut down the load on female parents but could be an of import preventative action for both physical and mental wellness of the off-spring ” . This survey necessitates the attending of governmental and non-governmental organisations to turn to the issue and program schemes to forestall and handle the maternal depression to advance the wellness of female parent and kid. Furthermore the public consciousness about the issue can better the state of affairs as most of the clip maternal depression in low socio-economical communities goes unnoticed.